Author: Mehrullah Azizi
An Analysis of the History and Beliefs of Buddhism (part 13)
Teachings of Buddhism
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The Tenfold Advice of the Buddha
Among the important teachings of Buddhism is the Tenfold Advice. In Buddhist belief, these commandments form the general ethical principles of their religion. They are as follows:
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Do not take any life (killing is forbidden).
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Do not lie.
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Do not commit adultery.
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Do not take unlawful property (do not steal).
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Do not consume intoxicants (alcohol or drugs).
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Do not eat improperly prepared or unsuitable food.
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Do not attend gatherings of singing and dancing.
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Do not adorn yourself or use perfumes.
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Do not use luxurious or overly comfortable beds.
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Do not accept gold or silver from anyone. [1]
According to Buddhist belief, anyone who adheres to these commandments will gain control over their desires and willpower.
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Obstacles to Attaining Nirvana
Attaining Nirvana is considered one of the primary goals in Buddhism. According to Buddhist teachings, certain doctrines guide followers toward this state. Nirvana is a condition of complete liberation from suffering, desire, hatred, and ignorance. It is the point at which the flames of craving, hostility, and illusion are entirely and permanently extinguished.
There are various obstacles that prevent a person from reaching Nirvana, including:
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The deceptive belief in the eternal existence of the self.
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Doubt regarding the authenticity of the Buddha’s teachings.
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Belief in the effectiveness of rituals and religious traditions.
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Lust and desire.
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Aversion and hatred.
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Self-conceit.
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Attachment to material existence.
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Pride and arrogance.
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Ignorance.
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Reliance on one’s own good deeds as sufficient. [2]
In addition, there are ten “fetters” (binding constraints) that are gradually eliminated for one who believes in the Four Noble Truths. These fetters are removed step by step through four stages:
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By accepting the Four Noble Truths, the first three fetters are broken.
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By realizing the second truth, the next three fetters are weakened.
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By following the third truth, the previous fetters are completely removed.
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By adhering to the fourth truth and the Eightfold Path, the remaining fetters are eliminated. [3]
To be continued…
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References:
[1]. Buddhism: Its Origin and Major Beliefs, p. 460, citing: Al-‘Attar, Religions and Beliefs, p. 127; Abu Zahra, Ancient Religions, pp. 62–63.
[2]. Rushdi ‘Alyan et al., Religions: A Comparative Historical Study, p. 99.
[3]. Ahmad Al-Shalabi, Major Religions of India, pp. 158–159.
