The philosophy of ethics mainly deals with the investigation of moral reasons in which we will be familiar to other moral schools. This familiarity provides us with the field of comparative studies along with Islamic ethics, and when we compare the superiority of the moral system of Islam over other schools, our confidence and certainty about Islam increases; That is, the philosophy of the heavenly calling and the mission of the previous prophets, peace and blessings be upon them, is the refinement of souls and guidance in line with good ethics, and the Prophet of Islam, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, placed the final brick for the foundation of ethics.
The relationship between piety and good morals
Piety, as one of the talents of the human soul, when it is flourished and does not let debauchery to create an obstacle in the soul, it creates changes inside that human behavior and speech display manifestations of good morals. The power of piety plays a role in human personality for two purposes: on the one hand, it strengthens the relationship between man and Allah, and on the other hand, in relation to the creation with good effects, the pious person becomes a practical inviter.
Ibn al-Qayyim expresses this relationship as follows: “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, establishes a connection between Allah’s piety and good morals; Because piety for the sake of Allah corrects the relationship between the creator and his servant, and good morals correct the relationship between him and Allah’s creation. Therefore, piety for the sake of Allah leads to love for His essence, and good morals are an invitation to people towards divine love, and a person with morals becomes a practical model”.
Imam Muhammad Ghazali assumes four spiritual foundations for good morals and says: “Know that man was created from two things: one is the body, which can be seen with the eyes of the head, and the other is the soul, which cannot be seen except with the eyes of the heart, and each of these two has badness and goodness: one is called good character and the other is good creation. Good character consists of the inner appearance, just as good creation consists of the outer appearance.
The inner face is not good until the four good powers are not in him:
1. The power of knowledge: To distinguish truth from falsehood and true speech from false.
2. The power of anger: To Obey Sharia even to get up and sit down according to the order of Sharia.
3. The power of lust: To avoid rebellion and act according to the law and reason.
4. The power of justice: To control and restrain the power of anger and lust and bring them under the command of reason and law.
