Author: Dr. Fazl Ahmad Ahmadi
socialism (2nd Part)
Conceptual review
Socialism, as one of the important and basic ideas in the field of political beliefs, has been given various definitions. In a general view, the term socialism (community belief) is derived from the French word “social” in the social sense, and the most important common element Socialist theories are based on the supremacy of society and the authenticity of public benefit over the individual and individual benefit. Also, in the Marxist dictionary, “capitalism” is bad and “socialist” is good.
And in its simplest sense, it is the belief that all producers should take an equal share of the result of the common work; But at a deeper level, socialism is more than an economic formula for the ability of the human masses to overcome their alienation, or alienation from their natural nature, which socialists believe is far more creative, peaceful, and altruistic than experience actually shows.
In other words, “socialism” is simply a kind of social theory, and socialism is derived from the Latin root socius, which means companion and partner; But this simple definition cannot accurately and accurately explain the complexities of the doctrine of socialism and its multiple interpretations.
In the history of societies and ideas of thinkers, there are examples that may be called socialist theories or mechanisms, for example: the communal system proposed by Plato in the book of the President.
For the two classes of guardians and philosophers, it is a type of socialist system, in this way, the mechanism of controlling the waters of the Nile River in Egypt, which guarantees the economic and social life of its people, can also be called a socialist organization, preventing the export of foodstuffs that It is necessary for the people, it can also be considered a socialist movement, and there are other similar cases that show the talent of socialist interpretation in them, so that none of these cases can be selectively excluded from the realm of the background of socialism and between socialism. And some of its experiences in the new century established the same according to its historical examples.
Socialism, in its initial form, had a fundamentalist, utopian and revolutionary character, and the purpose of socialism in this form and form was to abolish the capitalist economy based on market exchange and replace it with a qualitatively different socialist society based on the principle of communal ownership. Probably, the most influential representative of this branch of socialism was Karl Marx, whose ideas provided the foundations of communism in the 20th century.
But the new socialism as a branch of the general concept of this doctrine, more than anything, has developed in an environment where different components of modernism have been displayed in different subjects, and one of the most important components is the industrial economy and the socio-economic production mechanism, another important component is And related to the socialist doctrine is the idea that there is of man, and socialism has given different ideas in each of these two components; In general, socialism does not agree with human individuality and considers it as a member of the body of society.
Socialism in France and England in the years (1830 to 1840) with two different interpretations; But it was raised independently, its French interpretation goes back to the school of “Saint Simon” and one of its members named “Pir Luro”, based on this interpretation, socialism was used against individualism and as an example of Catholic socialism against individualism. It was called Protesan.
The second interpretation in England belongs to the “Owen” school. Owen in an article titled “What is Socialism?” It refers to a kind of socio-economic organization, which was originally influenced by Owen’s interpretation of the atmosphere of England and the current issues of that period, and this is the critical aspect of the claim of socialism, along with the invitation to a new way and method, which has made it prone to social presence in the last two centuries.
continues…
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