Author: Abu Raef
secularism (4th part)
The history of the origin and growth of secularism
In the previous topic, we read that the first stage of the formation of secularism and its main core and the stage of its rooting and formation was in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance era and the scientific leap of Europe. This era was achieved due to the excessive pressures and strictures of the church and its men, and it was able to save the people of Europe from under the yoke and domination of the church and its men through secularism and secularism.
2- The stage of moderate and calm scholarship
But the second stage of secularism and secularism was the stage that took place in the 17th and 18th centuries. This stage can be called the stage of “moderate secularism” and “calm”; Because at this stage, the clerics considered religion exclusive to the church leaders and its framework and made it necessary for it not to interfere in government affairs such as political, social, economic issues, and even techniques and customs; Because these matters had their own scholarly men who had nothing to do with religion and its teachings.
At this stage, religion and worship were considered an individual matter and if someone did it individually, there would be no problem for him, but religion was not allowed to interfere in social and public affairs.
As a result, people of science and knowledge discussed and discovered and analyzed and evaluated things away from religious teachings, even if they could make people free from their religious emotions and feelings, they would definitely do so. As a result of this movement, religion became a separate subject and science was a separate subject, and it seems that “science” had also become secular and had nothing to do with religion.
This kind of separation between science and religion had happened in all aspects and scientific affairs, in such a way that the educators and those responsible for the education of the generations had completely separated and separated their method of education and education from religion and thought that religious education caused the isolation of thought, freezing. Man’s intellect and sense will be degraded and his movement will be grounded.
In this sense, “teaching” also became scholarly and was based on distancing the student from all religious foundations and principles, in such a way that every subject and material that was taught to him, there was no mention of religion and religious subjects in it, and if there was any mention of religion at all. It was done in the sciences, with the title that religion is contradictory to science, and for this reason, the teachings of material philosophies that are contradictory to religion were included in educational affairs.
The same thing that happened in the field of science also happened in the field of “literature”; In such a way that the writers and poets praised the religion-free science in their articles, stories and theatrical narrations, they even emptied them of any religious color and every one of them appeared in public with the appearance of a person free from the shackles of religion. so that they are not characterized as retarded. For this reason, the literature of this time became a worthless literature devoid of good morals and devoid of any virtue that religion instills in the hearts.
As a result, “literature” was also secularized and separated from religious teachings.
Also, the “people of the media” also followed the same path and took it to a path far from religious thought and spread and published every new discovery and approved and praised the new thought and rationality, just like the rationality and thought of the church and frozen They condemned and doubted. This field was also joined to secular and anti-religion philosophy.
Another area where the western society was clearly secularized and separated from religion was the economic angle. This angle was also influenced by human economic theories and the isolation of religious, scholarly and secular teachings.
Due to these different angles that were affected by secularism and secularism, after these events, a generation grew up in Europe that had no idea of religion other than that they considered it to be against science and against human progress and intellectual enlightenment and rational opening. Western society had become a society that had set a standard for analyzing and evaluating affairs, and that was secularism. In this sense, Europe became scholarly in the field of science, education, manners, techniques, journalism and media and as a result in all its society.
3- The extreme stage of secularism
This stage was created from the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. This stage of secularism was one of the works of the third stage and its teachings. At this stage, belief in religion and its influence in life and society was removed in general, and the focus and trust was placed on materialism and materialism. From the point of view of this stage, materiality replaced religion. Clearly, this stage can be found in the theories of “Hegel” and “Karl Marx”.
“Friedrich Hegel” was an atheist and irreligious. He believed in the law of contradiction and considered it necessary for human progress and progress. That is, he considered every movement and thought to be a source of growth and progress when there is another movement next to it to contrast with it.
His student Karl Marx was also influenced by his thinking and made “matter” the basis of the universe. Hegel considered matter to be the result of human thought, but Marx considered it to be the basis of humanity and the world and based everything on it, and considered religion to be the destroyer of nations and an obstacle to progress and progress.
According to Marx, matter is the basis of everything, and economic relations are the things that determine the way of social and intellectual life, and it is necessary to interpret human history on this material basis. All historical battles, political, intellectual and religious movements have been based on material things.
These two people, with their ideas and spreading and expanding them in the western society level, completely removed religion from the scene of decision-making and dominating governments and people, and they even completely denied any belief in spirituality. In fact, this type of secularism meant pure atheism and irreligion and open disbelief. They considered materialism and attention to the world as the basis of any kind of progress and scientific progress.
