In this part of the article, we will discuss the reasons for the decline of the Mu’tazila sect. The most fundamental cause of decline and failure among congregations, sects, and groups often originates from within; sometimes, a group that comes to power engages in actions that lead it to the abyss of decline and decay.
Experts argue that one of the factors contributing to the decline and deterioration of the Mu’tazila sect was the violence in their actions and functions. Upon reaching a position of influence, they imposed their ideas and beliefs on the people by force. An example of this is the issue of “the creation of the Qur’an,” during which they tortured many scholars and forced them to accept their views.
Another factor that caused the Mu’tazila to stray further from the path of Islam was the influence of foreign philosophies. Initially, the Mu’tazila translated philosophical texts to defend Islam, but over time, they became consumed by this endeavor and began to avoid Islamic principles, examining everything solely through the lens of reason.
Opposition to the jurists and Hadith Masters also contributed to the decline of the Mu’tazila sect. Jurists and Hadith Masters, who had little engagement with theological and philosophical matters, held considerable respect and influence within society. The expansion of the Mu’tazila’s Ihtezal in this realm had many negative consequences, motivating jurists and Hadith Masters to confront the development and expansion of the Mu’tazila’s sect, thoughts, and ideas.
Another issue that led the Mu’tazila to prominence and ultimately caused their downfall was their stubbornness and enmity towards their opponents. Although they initially gained power by suppressing their adversaries, it was these very groups that later conspired to overthrow them from their positions of authority.
Results and Summary of the Subject
In these sections, we have endeavored to express the various issues between Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah and the Mu’tazila in an unbiased and research-oriented manner, relying on the sources of both groups. We ask Almighty Allah to accept this small effort and make it a source of benefit for scholars and all those who strive for the truth. Amen.
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