This article, considering the importance of study and its problems, presents a comprehensive plan that can be used to make study useful. It tries to answer these questions: What is study? What is its difference from reading? What are the levels of study? And what is a useful plan for its fruitfulness? This research has tried to use a descriptive-analytical method to investigate using new data in the field of learning and provide appropriate answers to the above questions. After examining the subject, the present research has found that study has some differences from reading and study has some levels. Also, by examining new data in the field of learning, it has realized the usefulness of the strategic study plan while answering key questions in the field of study fruitfulness. This research, as a result of the studies conducted, acknowledges that following a study strategy leads to the usefulness of study and, as a result, will lead to the production of knowledge.
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ نَحْمَدُهُ وَ نَسْتَعیْنُهُ وَ نَسْتَغْفِرُهُ وَ نَعُوْذُ بِاللّهِ مِنْ شُرُوْرِ اَنْفُسِنا وَ مِنْ سَیِّئاتِ اَعْمَالِنا مَنْ یَّهْدِهِ اللّهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ وَ مَنْ یُّضْلِلهُ فَلَا هَادِیَ لَه وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لَا اِلهَ اِلَّااللّهُ وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدَاً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُوْلُهُ، أمّا بَعد: Translation: All praise is due to Allah, we praise Him, seek His help, and ask His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our own souls and from our wicked deeds. He whom Allah guides, none can misguide him, and he whom He misguides, none can guide him. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. Now then:
Undoubtedly, culture is considered the most central identity card of a civilized nation, and its preservation, development, and transmission to future generations are the clear responsibilities of the individuals in society. One of the important ways to develop study is to give importance to the issue of books, reading, and promoting reading in society, especially among youth and adolescents. In fact, important indicators of the development of any society are the per capita reading, the amount of production and consumption of information and cultural goods in that society.
Due to the importance of study, the religion of Islam has always paid special attention to this issue, and throughout history, scholars have emphasized the high value of books and reading. Today, after the importance and direct impact of reading on the development and guidance of individuals and society became clear, the attention of statesmen and policymakers has been focused on this issue to the point where reading is no longer viewed not only as an advantage, but also as a necessity. However, in Islamic society, due to the lack of proper understanding of what study is, lack of awareness of its levels, and failure to consider an effective strategy for study, it has become less important or fruitless, and as a result, has led to a decrease in the percentage of per capita study.
This article, with the help of the latest research findings in the field of nature and method of study, its level, and also outlining an effective strategy, seeks to provide a suitable solution to the aforementioned challenges in order to make the study process more fruitful and increase it in society.
Terminology
The importance of the discussion of terminology in research becomes more apparent when some scientific words and terms in the field of application are ambiguous or have different and sometimes close meanings. In addition; In studies, specifying the scope of application of each scientific term is considered one of the key aspects of research, and clarifying the extent of the researcher’s investigation, following-up, and coverage of the issue is also tied to explaining the terms used in the research.
Study
This word is an Arabic word in terms of its root and has been widely used in the Dari language and may have faced a conceptual change from what was used in its Arabic meaning in some cases. Therefore, to understand its meaning in Dari usage, non-Arabic sources will be referred to.
A: In the word
In the “Dehkhoda Dictionary”, the following definitions have been given for this word: 1. Looking at anything to become aware of it and to reflect and think. 2. Looking carefully. [1]
Dr. Mohammad Moin in “Farhang Farsi” has defined this word as follows: 1. Looking carefully at something to become aware of it. 2. Reading a book or writing and understanding it. 3. Looking at something to become aware of it. 4. Reading a writing to understand it. [2]
“Farhang Farsi Amid” writes under this word: 1. Finding out about something by continuing to look at it. 2. Reading a book or other writing and paying attention to it. [3]
In general, the key concepts in defining the literal meaning of study are looking at, contemplating, understanding, becoming aware, comprehending, reflecting, thinking, and pondering. Therefore, understanding the material and thinking about it play a fundamental role in finding the meaning of study. In other words, without understanding the material, reflecting, thinking, and comprehending it, there is no study.
B: In the term
The complexity of the study process has led to various definitions of it. To the extent that some have chosen the same literal definition for the term definition of study. However, another group of researchers have referred to its term definition, considering the literal definition of study.
Meanwhile, some consider study to be a complex process in which the reader reconstructs the message that has been encoded in written visual language by the author to varying degrees. [4]
A researcher writes: Study is a deep and comprehensive examination of a category, in such a way that part or all of a person’s senses participate in this matter. [5]
Another expert writes: Study is a process that increases the person’s awareness and knowledge without the help of an external source (i.e. someone else reads for the person) and by focusing on the material, using one’s own strength. [6]
This definition seems to be the most precise, clearest, and most coherent of the three definitions mentioned, because;
It considers study to be a process (i.e. there is continuity in it).
It considers study to be a completely personal process without the intervention of another person.
Focusing on the material, which is one of the most fundamental concepts of study, is mentioned in the definition.
Study is only the result of an unconscious sense (using one’s own strength; this is a claim).
It considers study to be at a higher level (causing the person to increase their awareness and knowledge).
Therefore, the present study chooses this definition from among the aforementioned definitions.
Strategy
The term strategy, in its broadest sense, is a tool through which individuals or organizations achieve their goals. This word is derived from the Greek word (strategia), meaning the art of military commander. [7]
Some consider the word «راهبرد» “Rahbord” to be the equivalent of the word strategy in Persian and write as follows: “Rahbord” or strategy means determining goals and designing a plan to achieve them. In other words, strategy is a long-term plan that is designed and explained to achieve a specific long-term goal. [8]
Another definition of this word is as follows: Strategy is a mental orientation that enables movement towards a set of goals in the form of a outlook. [9] Based on this statement;
When someone has an orientation in their mind, this orientation is the (beginning) of strategy.
Strategy is inherently based on “movement” and is averse to stagnation. It wants (an individual), a group or an organization to be moving in one direction.
Strategy includes a set of goals that are considered milestones of movement and test the rightness or wrongness of the movement.
Strategy always seeks to create and reach a desired and ideal outlook or point. [10]
In general, strategy is a very important tool in success in the field of operationalizing work, which actually shows us the resources, goals and the right path to achieve success.
In this article, the purpose of strategy is a comprehensive program with a practical approach to achieve operationalizing the study in the right way, in order to reach a high level of study, the result of which is the production of knowledge.
Continues…
References:
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, Dehkhoda Dictionary, Tehran: Tehran University Publishing and Printing Institute, second edition, 1377, vol. 13, p. 21051.
Moein, Mohammad, Persian Dictionary, Tehran: Adena Publications, fourth edition, 1386, vol. 2, p. 1757.
Amid, Hassan, Amid Persian Dictionary, Tehran: Rah Roshd Publications, first edition, 1389, p. 952.
Yaghmai, Javad, Mohammad Khandan, Child and Reading, Tehran: Kebatdar Publishing, 1383, p. 5.
Fel-Iraqi, Akram, Why Are Our Children Not Interested in Reading?, Peywand, No. 330-331, April and May 1386, pp. 44-47.
Salari, Mahmoud, Criticism and Commentary on the Ambiguities in the Concept of Study, Electronic Journal of the Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi, Volume 4, Issue 14-15, Spring and Summer 2012, p. 2.
Tavakoli, Mehrdad (Bita). Definition of Strategy in Simple Language, Its Conceptual and Practical Roots, Hamyar IT Database, https//www.hamyarit.com.
Wikipedia. https//fa.m.wikipedia.org.
Khodadadi, Abbas (1401hash). What is Strategy?, Strategic Intelligence Specialized Database https//abbaskhodadadi.com..
