2. The Wisdom and Philosophy of Fasting in Ramadan
E. Fasting as a Means of Training and Controlling the Self
One of the unique aspects and wisdoms of fasting is its role in promoting self-discipline and control. Through fasting, a person can effectively train themselves to restrain their desires and impulses. Abstaining from food and drink throughout the day serves as a significant exercise in resisting the temptations of the self. When the stomach is empty, the self-craves food and drink; however, when a person resists these urges, the self-weakens, and their willpower strengthens. As a result, one gains mastery over their inner desires and can more easily refrain from engaging in futile and immoral acts. This process helps guide the self toward prosperity in both this world and the hereafter—an opportunity that fasting effectively provides.
Undoubtedly, human nature does not naturally incline toward recognizing its Creator; rather, it constantly seeks to fulfill its endless desires. No matter how much it is reprimanded or punished, this trait remains inherent within. According to scholars and religious figures, the only thing that can purify the self from this tendency is hunger.
The fasting of the blessed month of Ramadan, by inducing hunger and thirst, confronts the arrogant and self-centered ego like a force against a Pharaoh-like tyranny, breaking its power. Through this confrontation, a person realizes their dependence and helplessness, learning that they are a servant who must submit to their Creator and Sustainer.
F. Fasting as a Means of Equality Between the Rich and the Poor
Fasting establishes equality between the wealthy and the poor. It is a form of compulsory poverty that Islam mandates for all Muslims so that everyone experiences the same condition. This imposed state of deprivation conveys the message that true equality is achieved when people share the same feelings, rather than when differences persist. Equality is realized when individuals empathize with and experience each other’s hardships, rather than when they remain divided by their varying desires and ambitions.
G. Fasting as a Means of Training the Self in Trustworthiness
Another wisdom and benefit of fasting is the cultivation of trustworthiness. A person who is strong in safeguarding the trust of God and adhering to His commands will also be strong in their own responsibilities and trustworthy in handling what others entrust to them. Conversely, one who betrays the greatest trust of God’s divine law is more likely to betray other trusts as well. A person who fasts for a month with faith and sincere intention to strengthen their willpower and honesty will develop a robust will, a firm character, and great perseverance.
One remarkable incident often mentioned involves non-believers testing Muslim workers by giving them the choice between fasting and betraying their faith. These employers would tempt them with promises of increased wages for breaking their fast. However, at the end of Ramadan, they would reverse their stance—doubling the wages of those who fasted while reducing the pay of those who broke their fast or even dismissing them. They would bluntly tell them: “You are traitors who have betrayed your own religion!”
H. Fasting as a Means of Kindness and Compassion Toward the Needy
Fasting fosters kindness and empathy toward the poor and needy. When a fasting person experiences hunger and thirst, they are reminded of those who are in need. This feeling motivates them to offer help, show generosity, and extend compassion. In doing so, they earn immense rewards from the Almighty.
Undoubtedly, only those who have experienced pain and endured hardships can truly understand them. Just as a person cannot comprehend the struggles of an ill individual unless they fall sick themselves, they cannot grasp the suffering of the poor unless they experience hunger. Fasting serves as a reminder to the wealthy and privileged—who may have never faced hunger or poverty—of the struggles endured by the less fortunate. This is one of the fundamental wisdoms and philosophies of fasting.
