The famous commentator (Mufaser) Allama Qurtubi, may Allah have mercy on him, states, “All scholars agree that Allah the Almighty is the lawgiver and that there must be a state to manage affairs.”
Marourdi similarly remarks, “After the prophethood, leadership is recommended as a means to preserve the religion and manage the affairs of this world. There is consensus on this issue that the person responsible for this position (leadership) must accept the covenant of leadership of the nation.”
Nawawi Shaykh Azhar (1896-1900 AD) asserts: “Yes, Islam is a state and has a clear political theory. Muslims should know that sovereignty belongs only to Allah the Almighty. The Islamic Sharia has been the constitutional law of every Islamic political unit since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). This belief is the consensus of the Muslim nation. Even those who point to the role of man himself in this specific matter limit their theory to cases and matters for which revelation has not or does not provide specific rules or necessary guidance.”
Allama Ibn Hajar Haytami states the importance of the Islamic state: “It should be known that all the companions were in agreement that the Islamic state of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) must continue; therefore, before his burial, they elected their leader.”
Similarly, Juwayni affirms, “Muslims must have a leader to lead their state, and this is the consensus of the Ummah and the Imams.”
According to Ibn Khaldun, “The Islamic state is an obligatory matter, and this obligation is determined by the consensus of the Companions.” Contemporary scholar Muhammad Amarah (d. 1931) emphasizes: “Islam is a state for which Allah the Almighty is considered the highest legal and governmental authority, and its constitution is the Quran and Sunnah.”
Muhammad Khedr Hussein, Shaykh Al-Azhar (1952-1954), adds: “Separation of religion from the state is an affront to the truth of religion. Any Muslim who does this is not a Muslim.”
Mustafa Sabri (1869-1954), head of the Council of Judges of the Ottoman Empire and appointed Shaykh al-Islam four times, believed that the separation of Islam from politics was a conspiracy against Islam. He stated, “The separation of Islam from the state in Muslim countries is an innovation brought by modernists and imitators of foreigners, and this is nothing but a rebellion against Islam. This type of effort is a revolution of the government against the beliefs of the people because the correct path is a revolution of the people against the government to implement Islamic law. However, if this happens against Islam, it will not be left to the government first and then to the Islamic nation.”
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