Inquiries on the Science of the Objectives of Sharia (Part Two)
Definition of the “Objectives of Sharia” and Its Importance
It goes without saying that defining the vocabulary and terms of any field of knowledge and expressing its importance is essential for introducing the main topics and explaining the rationale behind the discussion and study of that discipline. Therefore, in the present research, we will first define the terms related to the science of the objectives of Sharia, and then we will discuss its significance.
It is necessary to define these terms not only to clarify the scope of the discussion and avoid mistakes and misunderstandings but also to articulate the importance and necessity of teaching the objectives of Sharia for students. This will motivate further research on the subject.
Definition of the “Al-Maqasid (Objectives) of Sharia”
Al-Maqasid Al-Sharia is a combination of the two words “Maqasid” and “Sharia.” This combination is referred to as a “compound” by grammatical scholars. First, we will state the lexical meaning of both words and then present its terminological definition as a science.
A: The Literal Meaning of ‘Maqasid’
The singular of Maqasid is “Maqsad,” and the infinitive is derived from the verb (Qasd). As it is said: “Qasada, Yaqsidu, Qasdan, Maqsad.” The words “Qasd” and “Maqsad” are both used in the same sense. The word “Qasd” can be interpreted in the following ways:
1. Intention, attention, and pursuit of a task. As Imam Muslim, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated in his Sahih: «… فكان رجل من المشركين إذا شاء أن يقصد إلى رجل من المسلمين، قصد له فقتله» Translation: “There was a polytheist who, when he wanted to pursue someone from the Muslims, first focused on him and then killed him.”
2. Perseverance on the right path. The word Qasd is used in one of its applications to signify the straight path. This concept is reflected in the blessed verse were Allah, the Almighty, states: «وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ وَمِنْهَا جَائِرٌ وَلَوْ شَاءَ لَهَدَاكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ» Translation: “It is up to Allah to show the right path to His servants; but some ways are wrong; and if Allah wills, He could guide you all compulsion (but compulsion has no value).”
3. Justice, moderation, and avoidance of excess. As Allah, (S.W.T), says: «وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشيكَ.» Also, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: «القَصْدَ القَصْدَ تَبْلُغُوا». Translation: “Adopt moderation until you reach your goal.”
