In addition to all their words, they also argue from this Quranic verse: «أفمن کان مؤمنا کمن کان فاسقا لایستون» (Is the one who is a believer like the one who is a Debaucher [they will never] be equal.)
The method of reasoning from this verse is that the debaucher is not a believer; Because God Almighty has made a distinction between the two; He has made heaven as a home for believers and hell for sinners.
In this regard, they also argue from this hadith of the Prophet, peace be upon him: “An adulterer is not a believer when he commits adultery, and a drunkard is not a believer when he drinks wine, and a thief is not a believer when he commits theft, and he who plunders and robs people’s property in such a way that People look at him in that state, he is not a believer.
The way of reasoning from this hadith is that in this hadith, the Prophet, peace be upon him, removed faith from the perpetrator of a major sin, despite this, he can’t be called a disbeliever; Because the reasons have been repeatedly proven that the Ummah didn’t apply the rulings of the infidels to them, and they do not apply the rulings of the apostates either.
Wasil bin Ata says: “The rulings related to disbelief, which are stated in the Qur’an in text form and are unanimous, were found in such a way that all of them were exempted from committing a major sin, so it is necessary to remove the ruling of disbelief from him, as well as the name of disbelief. Let’s take it from him; Because the sentence is subordinate to the noun, just as the noun is subordinate to the verb, and the rulings related to the infidels that have been agreed upon are of two types:
The verdict of the People of the Book; As God Almighty says in this matter: «قاتلوا الذين لا يؤمنون بالله ولا باليوم الآخر ولا يحرّمون ما حرّم الله ورسوله ولا يدينون دين الحق من الذين أوتوا الكتاب حتى يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون»؛(Combat with those of the People of the Book who do not believe in God and the Day of Judgment, and do not consider what God and His Messenger have forbidden, and do not follow the true religion, until they pay the jizya with their own hands.) This is the ruling of God Almighty. It is about the People of the Book that this ruling does not include the person who commits a major sin.
God Almighty’s decree about Arab polytheists; As God Almighty says: «فإذا لقیتم الذین کفروا فضرب الرقاب حتی إذا أثخنتموهم فشدوا الوثاق فإما منا بعد وإما فداء حتی تضع الحرب أوزارها…», (So when you meet the disbelievers, strike [their] necks, so that when you have killed [many of] them, you have a firm bond [of captivity], then after that release them as a favor or as a ransom.
This is the ruling of God Almighty in relation to the polytheists of the Arabs and in the case of every unbeliever who is not the People of the Book. This ruling is void for the perpetrator of a major sin. It is also mentioned in the hadiths of the consensus that infidels do not inherit from each other and are not buried in Muslim cemeteries, and these things are not done with the perpetrators of a major sin.
3. God’s ruling regarding the hypocrites is that if he hides his hypocrisy and appears to be a Muslim, then he is the same as Muslims in rulings, and if he reveals his hypocrisy, he will be asked to repent, if he does not repent, he will be killed, this ruling includes A person who commits a major sin does not become.
4. But God’s decree regarding the believers is love, friendship and the promise of paradise. God Almighty has stated these things in several verses: «الله ولي الذین آمنوا» (God works for the believers.) In another place he says: «وبشر المؤمنین بأن لهم من الله فضلا کبیرا» (And give glad tidings to the believers that they have a great bounty from God.) and other cases….
So it turned out that the perpetrator of the great sin is not a believer; Because the rulings of the believers in the Book of God, the Exalted, have been removed from him, and it was also revealed that he is not a disbeliever; because the rulings of the infidels do not include his condition and it was proved that he isn’t a hypocrite; Because the rulings of the hypocrites, which are stated in the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace be upon him, are removed from him; Therefore, he is a transgressor; Because God Almighty has named him by this name, so he is a transgressor who is always in the fire of hell, and this is what God has promised him and threatened him with, of course, his punishment is lighter than the punishment of the unbeliever. It is milder.
Ahl al-Sunnat’s response to Mu’tazila
We agree with you when you say that it isn’t possible to call the perpetrator of a major sin an infidel, and it is also true that you say he isn’t a hypocrite. Because his great sin doesn’t cause us to ask him to repent, if he repents, he will be killed, the same as what happens to a hypocrite if he reveals his hypocrisy, but if he does not reveal his hypocrisy, then it is not known whether he is a hypocrite or not.
A hypocrite, in this case, he will be dealt with and behaved like Muslims. But your statement that he isn’t a believer, we absolutely don’t agree with your statement; Rather, we believe that he is a believer; But there is a flaw in his faith due to committing a great sin. He is a believer with his faith and a transgressor and a sinner with his great sin, so you can’t give him another name and you can’t completely deny faith from him.
Among the reasons that prove that the transgressor doesn’t leave faith by committing a major sin are as follows:
First: verses and hadiths that indicate that the word faith is applied to a sinner; As God Almighty says: «یا أیها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم القصاص في القتلى الحر بالحر والعبد بالعبد والأنثى بالأنثى فمن عفي له من أخيه شيء فاتباع بالمعروف وأداء إليه بإحسان» (O you who believe, retribution for the slain has been decreed for you, free to free, slave to slave, and woman to woman.) Goodness is to follow him and pay [blood price] to him with good humor.) In this verse, Almighty God has called the murderer the brother of the victim, and this is the brotherhood of faith.
This verse itself is proof that the perpetrator of the great sin (murder) here hasn’t removed it from faith, and before this, he addressed everyone with the word faith, while there is a murderer among them, a case that indicates this. The great sin doesn’t remove the perpetrator from faith.
God Almighty says in another place: «وإن طائفتان من المؤمنين اقتتلوا فأصلحوا بينهما فإن بغت إحداهما على الأخرى فقاتلوا التي تبغي حتى تفي إلى أمر الله فإن فاءت فأصلحوا بينهما بالعدل وأقسطوا إن الله يحب المقسطين»؛ (If two groups of believers fight, make peace between the two groups, then if one of the two groups violates the other, fight with the group that is aggressor until it returns to God’s decree, then if it returns to justice between Reconcile those two groups and try to fight. No doubt, God loves judges.) In this verse, God Almighty has applied the name of faith to the hostile and conflicted group of Muslims; So it turns out that the great sin didn’t drive them out of faith, and also the great sin of rebellion and disobedience.
There are many hadiths about this and it indicates that a wicked person is a believer. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: There is no servant who says : لا اله إلا الله, there is no god but god then dies in this state, unless he enters Paradise.” He said: Even if he commits adultery and theft… contrary to Abu Dharr’s wish.
Secondly: The consensus of the Ummah since the time of the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, has been on this matter that every person of the Qibla who dies without repentance is prayed for, and despite the knowledge that he has committed major sins, he is prayed for and asked for forgiveness, although the scholars agree that This isn’t permissible for a non-believer, so this itself indicates that he has not committed a major sin of leaving faith.
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