Colonialism (first part) its history, types and goals
Abstract:
One of the most terrible cultural, economic, historical, and religious attacks of Western countries on weak and Muslim countries has been the colonialism invasion.
This invasion has tried with types and forms to push the horizon of the colonial nation and its economic, military, religious and cultural capabilities towards its goals and adjust them according to its desires. This movement has had very bad effects on the colonized countries and its effects will remain on the colonized nation for many years.
According to the sensitivity of the topic and the need to know this sinister invasion, we decided to examine its different sides in this article. At first, we estimate its definition and philology. This article will estimate the issues in imitation research method.
The Islamic countries, when they are progressing and independent in special, have always been exposed to invasions and attacks by Western countries and the disbelief world. These invasions and attacks have been physical and with military campaigns sometimes, and sometimes the disbelief countries, by changing their tactics and attack style, have come in through benevolence and the nonsense and embellished word “colonization” and have attack Muslim countries.
Truly colonialism is one of the most bitter and dangerous ways of occupying lands, and its effects and bad consequences have cast a shadow on different generations of the country under colonization for years and centuries and influence it.
When we examine the intellectual and historical books that contain the content and topics needed for the subject of colonialism, we find that this sinister move has caused countless murders, the expulsion of intellectuals and thinkers from the colonized lands, the occupation of the colonized land, and the confiscation of wealth, mines, and natural resources. that country has become; Because the colonialist country will occupy that land with all its strength and will seek to benefit from all the natural, human and economic abilities of the countries which are colonized.
According to the influence of colonialism on the thought and culture of countries and also the other evil goals that exist in it and considering the high importance of this issue for the Islamic world and Islamic governments, we decided to evaluate the various aspects of colonialism in this article.
We try to examine the meaning and concept of colonialism according to the definitions and concepts mentioned for it at the beginning of the discussion.
Colonialism definition and its lexical analysis:
The word colonization is derived from the word “Colony” which means “building and settling the land and preparing it to benefit its owners”. It seems that this word, contrary to the truth and its real meaning, has become famous in the concept of building lands and trying to realize its material and spiritual growth. The same concept in the verse of the Holy Quran is also mentioned: «هُوَ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا» He ˹is the One Who˺ produced you from the earth and settled you on it. When we have a look at the terminological and the real definition of colonialism, we realize its sinister nature and reality.
Muslim writers and the people of Islamic thought and knowledge who have been active in the field of repelling colonialism and exposing its truths define colonialism like this: “Colonialism is the seizure and domination of one government or nation over another government and nation, in order to loot its capital and to Arresting the abilities of its people and trying to get the different benefits of that nation.”
The complete and comprehensive dictionary of political expressions defines “colonial theory” as follows: “a policy based on enslaving, profiting from natural resources and exploiting the people of economically underdeveloped countries, and hindering their technical, economic and cultural progress in order to consolidate political domination, economic and military of the government of colony.
truly, by according these definitions, we find that the colonists have always stolen to seize a country’s capital, dominate their elite people, and loot their natural and material resources; Although they themselves have always claimed to reform the colonial land and its growth and prosperity and have shown themselves to be benevolent to it.
The Summery of historical colony
Colonization has existed in different forms throughout history, and even before Islam, it was done by cruel governments, such as the Roman and Persian empires, and by the rise of Islam and the defeat of these superpowers, their colonialism was also destroyed.
The first movements of colonization by Western and European countries began in the middle of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century AD and with the beginning of the industrial revolution in Europe. When they started reforming their religious and political customs in this century, they tried to implement that idea and theory in other countries, especially Islamic systems and countries.
The first colony began by the Portuguese in 1499. A person named “Vascodogama” traveled to India by ship, and soon this trip became the basis of colonization the Indian subcontinent, and in the first half of the 16th century, the Portuguese conquered East and West Africa, the coasts of Persia and the Arabian Gulf, the beaches of Ceylon and Malibar, and They got India. The Portuguese colonies grew a lot that they formed the Empire of Portuguese.
The Spanish also in the same century, colonized the East Indian islands through the discoveries of Christopher Columbus, who was of Italian origin, and on the other hand, they colonized all the areas and corners of North and South America, which are known today as the United States of America USA.
At the same time and same way, the English for the first time in 1578 AD started their colonial movements, as a result of which they were able to colonize them through the establishment of trading companies and factories in India and African countries. As France also made a lot of efforts to increase the extent of its colonization over Middle East countries. countries like the Netherlands also tried to colonize countries like New Zealand, and later it took back by England.
Long later the colonization of the European and American countries, which was actually the beginning movement of colonization and its foundation of the colonization of the Islamic-Arab countries, the European countries began to colonize the Islamic and Arab countries.
The important purpose of this action was to weaken the religious and Islamic spirit among these nations and spread the influence of Christianity in these lands. As a result, they were able to dominate many Arab-Islamic countries, some of which were located in the Middle East and some in the African continent. In the end, we name the countries that were colonized by European countries during these colonial movements.
The colonies of France:
Algeria: 1830 AD / 1246 AH.
Tunisia: 1881 AD / 1299 AH.
Senegal: 1882 AD / 1300 AH.
Morocco (Maghreb): 1912 AD. / 1332 AH.
Sham (Syria): 1921 AD/ 1338 AH.
These countries were colonized by France for many years, and they were deprived of any kind of growth, development and use of their material and spiritual resources and reserves.
The colonized countries of England:
England as another European country that has had a big desire to colonize Islamic countries and subjugate them. In fact, England is the rival and opponent of France in the field of expansion of colonial power.
India: 1857 AD / 1274 AH.
Egypt: 1882 AD/ 1300 AH.
Iraq: 1914 AD / 1332 AH.
Jordan and Palestine: 1918 AD/ 1337 AH.
Sudan: 1898 AD / 1316 AH.
Nigeria: 1851 AD / 1316 AH.
Zanzibar: 1870 AD / 1288 AH.
The colonized countries of Italy: Italy was also one of the western countries that tried to colonize Islamic countries and succeed to colonize some Islamic countries.
The Italian colonies are:
Somalia and Eritrea: 1877 AD / 1305 AH.
Libya: 1911 AD / 1329 AH.
the countries above were under the colonization and domination of Western and European countries for so many years, and sometimes freedom movements tried to gain their freedom and independence, but they faced failure; But finally, each of these countries gained their independence and got rid of colonialism.
