The issue of attributes is one of the most important and fundamental aspects of the principles of belief. The Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) are replete with verses and hadiths that affirm the names and attributes of Allah Almighty. However, the Jahmiyyah sect has strayed in this regard, denying the names and attributes of Allah Almighty in general. In this part of the study, we will examine the controversial issues pertaining to this topic in detail.
Another point of dispute between the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah and the Jahmiyyah sect is the monotheism of Allah Almighty. Before we delve into the proof or denial of the attributes, it is prudent to understand monotheism both in terms of vocabulary and terminology to effectively establish the monotheism and oneness of Allah Almighty.
Monotheism (Tawheed):
Monotheism is the primary call of all prophets and the first stage that leads humanity to the path of happiness, good fortune, success, prosperity, and salvation. It is the ultimate destination for anyone seeking the truth. Monotheism is the first concept with which a person enters Islam and also the last that one contemplates upon leaving this world. “One of the necessities of monotheism is to reflect on the divine names and attributes as they rightly deserve.”
Monotheism literally means believing in Allah Almighty and recognizing Him as unique and without equal. The term is derived from the root “Wahad yuhedd tawhidan,” which means acknowledging Allah Almighty as singular.
In the terminology of theologians, monotheism can be defined as: “The knowledge that Allah Almighty is one, with no one else sharing in His attributes of negation or affirmation to the degree that He deserves, along with a confession of this truth.”
“Monotheism in the literal sense refers to the assertion that something is one and the understanding of its oneness. In theological terminology, it denotes the abstraction of the divine essence from all that can be imagined or conceived in the thoughts and illusions of the mind.”
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