The Ahl-Sunnah and the Jama’ah have presented many arguments to prove the names and attributes of Allah Almighty, some of which we will discuss below as examples:
A) Verses of the Holy Quran
Allah Almighty says: «هو الله الذی لا إله إلا هو الملک القدوس السلام المؤمن المهیمن العزیز الجبار المتکبر سبحن الله عما یشرکون هو الله الخالق البارئ المصور له الأسماء الحسنی یسبح له ما في السموات والأرض وهو العزیز الحکیم» Translation: (He is Allah, besides whom there is no true God. The King, the Pure, the Safe, the Guardian, the Victorious, the Exalted in Might. Glory be to Allah above what they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Originator. To Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.)
Allah the Exalted said: «وإلهکم إله واحد لا إله إلا هو الرحمن الرحیم» (And your God is One Allah. There is no true God except Him. He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.)
Allah the (s.w.t) said: “And Allah spoke to Moses by word of mouth.”
Allah (s.w.t) said: «رضی‌الله‌عنهم ورضوا عنه» (Allah was pleased with them and [they] were pleased with Him.)
In the above verses, many names and attributes have been used for Allah Almighty, and this is the greatest evidence to prove the names and attributes of Allah Almighty.
B) Hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH)
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: «إن الله جمیل یحب الجمال»
(“Allah the Almighty is beautiful and loves the attribute of beauty.”)
In this hadith, the attribute of beauty was proven for Allah the Almighty.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: «من یرد الله به خیرا یفقهه في الدین، والله المعطي وأنا القاسم» (“Whoever Allah Almighty wishes good for, He grants him understanding in the religion. Allah Almighty bestows [to whomever He wills], and I am the One Who distributes.”)
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: «ینزل ربنا تبارک‌وتعالی کل لیلة إلی السماء الدنیا حتی یبقی ثلث اللیل الآخر، یقول: من یدعونی فأستجیب له؟ من یسألنی فأعطیه؟ من یستغفرنی فأغفر له؟» Translation: (“Our Lord, the Blessed and Exalted, descends to the lowest heaven every night when one-third of the night remains, and says: Who calls upon Me so that I may respond to him? Who asks Me so that I may forgive him? Who asks for forgiveness so that I may forgive him.”)
These narrations, along with others mentioned in reliable hadith books, indicate that all the names and attributes of Allah Almighty have been and are fixed. While this brief study cannot fully address all relevant verses and hadiths, it is clear that attributes such as anger, wrath, satisfaction, laughter, etc., and countless names have been stated for Allah Almighty, and no one can deny or reject them. Denying them would mean opposing the Quran and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), which is the beginning of misguidance and error.
C) Rational Reasons
A sound mind and a correct nature never deny the names and attributes that Allah the Almighty has proven for Himself or those that have been stated by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Reason never denies obvious and evident truths.
Every being must be characterized by an attribute, whether it is the Creator or a creature. These attributes are either attributes of perfection or deficiency. In the case of Allah, the attribute of deficiency is not possible; for if there were any deficiency in Him, He would lack the merit and qualification to be a God. As Allah the Almighty is the true Allah, all of His attributes must reflect perfection. Therefore, it is logical to affirm the attributes for Allah the Almighty.
Ahl-Sunnah’ Response to the Jahmiyyah View
There are numerous verses and hadiths in which Allah the Exalted is described by names and attributes, and these names and attributes are explicitly stated. How, then, can we believe that the Jahmiyyah sect ignored all these verses and hadiths and seized upon a rational reason to negate the names and attributes of Allah (s.w.t)? Of course, some may claim that one of their reasons was based on a verse from the Holy Quran. While it is true that they cite a verse from the Quran, in doing so, they commit a significant error by citing only a part of the verse while ignoring another part. For example, in this verse: «لیس کمثله شیء وهو السمیع البصیر» (“There is nothing like Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.”)
They focus solely on the first part of the verse and neglect the second part.
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