Another common economic sect in European society was “physiocracy.” This sect was organized and built on the basis of naturalism and a belief in nature as a god. European society viewed all aspects of life as affected by nature and considered it to have the main influence; therefore, the economic and material fields were also important arenas for the manifestation of nature.
“George Soule” writes about this: “People who had given up faith in Allah, the Most Exalted, were looking for an alternative and found it in nature. But those who were still clinging to religion—although they made such claims only in words and did not genuinely possess such faith and belief—held the view that Allah Almighty interprets His will through nature and its laws, rather than through direct means. For this reason, nature was not just an existing object but something that needed to be obeyed, and opposing nature was proof of a person’s lack of piety and morality.
2. Classical Capitalist Sect and System:
Another very common economic theory in the West is the theory of capitalism. This theory is also an updated and evolved version of natural economic theory and, in fact, emerged with a greater emphasis on moderation and deeper attention to the poorer sections of society. In addition to the privileges, it grants the rich, it also includes fair programs and plans for the poor and the disabled in society. However, the reality of this theory has been the opposite of its claims; the leaders of this theory have openly called for productivity and the all-round use of people and property, utilizing all non-human means to hoard and dominate the wealth of the poor.
The most famous founder of this theory was Adam Smith (1776), and his book “The Wealth of Nations” is one of his most important works.
People like Malthus (1834) and Ricardo (who was Jewish) were among the most prominent supporters and expanders of this theory.
This theory emphasizes and acknowledges individual ownership and individual freedom of action, considering it one of its great achievements. However, it has led to two major and fundamental problems:
1- The establishment of a global economy built on the foundations of usury and hoarding, which has become its main issue and backbone.
2- The pervasive poverty and hunger of the nations where this theory has been applied, leading to the exploitation of their individual abilities.
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