[Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the end is for the righteous, and may blessings and peace be upon Muhammad, his family, and all of his companions.] “There is no compulsion in religion. Rightliness has been clearly distinguished from error. So, whoever disbelieves in the tyrant and believes in God has grasped the firmest knot that cannot be broken. By God He is All-Hearing, All-Knowing * God is the Guardian of those who believe, He brings them out of darkness into light, and those who disbelieve, their guardians are tyrants, they bring them out of light into shadow. Those inmates of the Fire died while they were in it. “They are immortal.” [Al-Baqarah: 256-257]
After the great French revolution, the lives of the people of Europe changed completely. Slowly, Europe reached towards growth and civilization. At that time, the center of power and civilization of the Muslims was the Ottoman government, which slowly went from the movement to decline, as a result of which the glory of the Muslims was lost.
When the Ottoman government Quds fell, was occupied, the chaos began among the Islamic Ummah, and infidel organizations were created to divide and destroy the Islamic Ummah, and the group that had grown over time occupied most of the Islamic lands, some of them were intellectually occupied, and after a period of time they left Islamic lands one after the other in the name of independence and freedom, but they left separate values and flags and national anthems for each of them, which tore the body of the Muslim nation into pieces.
Now that the progress and civilization of Europe, which has dazzled the eyes of the people of the world, has reached the peak of civilization in one dimension, and in the other dimension, which is the spiritual dimension, it has completely sunk into the pit of misery and permanent stress, which has even led to suicide and the extinction of the human race, and to diseases. they are mentally disturbed that this civilization is caused by staying away from religion throughout his life.
Spirituality or religiosity should be in all aspects of life, including politics, education, economy… not only in the life of a person who sees secularism, the result of which is material civilization and mental peace, which is the complete happiness of mankind.
Abstract
The insidious enemy is always in the ambush of the Muslims and attacks different sides and different titles in order to distance religion from the politics that the dignity and civilization of Islam is created through politics and power and leadership. When the leader and guardian that is politics is kidnapped from Islam, there is no doubt that he will be from the western civilization, that is the secularism and the new civilization of the capitalist world, which has alienated humanity from its human identity.
Keywords: Civilization, secularism, West, Islam
Research type: Field.
The body of article
After Europe got out of the dark age, or in fact, the era where the rights of Europeans were trampled under the powerful wheel of the political and economic interests of the church and the government based on Christianity, it entered the new age, which in the course of time and gradually All the issues of the age of degeneration should be left behind, that is, the age when humans lived under the same roof with their four legs, the age when belief in religion and God was the only possible way by accepting the absolute authority of the church, and otherwise death by fire or ring was certain.
Any talk that is in any way contrary to the teachings of Christianity was doomed to destruction and no one had the right to discover a point that would somehow challenge and question the principles of Christianity, and basically no source for gaining knowledge and knowledge, except what It was mentioned in the Bible, it did not exist.
An era when the “Pope” was the representative of God on earth and was considered infallible and could guarantee “heaven” for the rebels, and the church believed that the legitimacy of the kings’ government should be delegated and granted by them to the rulers and sultans; And in the same way, the Shah also had absolute power and was a mandatory ruler who was not allowed to have a dissenting vote in front of him in any way; “Feudals” or nobles, who were the owners of farms and agricultural lands and provided provisions and soldiers during the kings’ wars; In this way, they had gained a lot of power and when buying and selling land, they bought and sold all the farm workers and even interfered in the personal lives of the farm workers and decided who would marry whom?
And even women workers were used to manage household affairs and men, who were mostly peasants, were employed as soldiers in wars.
The above cases caused people to be in a very bad situation and human life faced serious problems.
But after the Europeans were able to leave the thoughts of their decadent era and choose a new origin and beginning for themselves and tried to look at the world from a different perspective than before, thinkers appeared among them who laid the foundations of Europe in the Middle Ages.
They challenged and brought a new way of thinking to Europe, which later became global, and presented new ideas in various cases; It can be said: it covered different dimensions of human life.
From art and writing to politics and spirituality, significant developments had taken place, and this meant that the pope no longer had his previous power, and he had been brought down from the seat of infallibility, and in the public eye, he lost his power and dignity from had given up Also, the aristocracy, which was one of the sides of the triangle of power (the king, the clergy [the power of the church] and the aristocracy), had either completely lost their previous position in modern Europe, or their position remained more of a symbolic position, and most European countries ,they wanted a constitutional monarchy; that is, the Shah had to accept the approval of a constitution, so that it would eventually give way to democratic republics.
In the course of these years, that is, from the beginning of the 16th century to the present day, this different vision of Europe evolved and found a field for itself inside and outside of Europe and established these revolutionary thoughts in the intellectual atmosphere of the world at that time.
Today, he has been able to influence and convince different societies to accept him; It can be said: this group of thoughts pulled Europe out of darkness and brought it from decadence to a movement, which was the basis or spirit of these developments and the progress of “secularism”; Which was: removing any thoughts about the creator, religion and theology as a major factor in the field of practical life. In general, it can be said that “secularism” means preventing the interference of religion in all the public affairs of the society and that the communication between people and the regulation of affairs between them is not regulated based on revelation.
Or to put it more clearly, the church no longer has a role in social life, and because humans have reason and are free, they can search for solutions to their problems; Regardless of what one believes.
For the purpose of implementing this issue in the practical scene and regulating the affairs of the people of the society, the discussion of national sovereignty and social contract was raised in the framework of freedoms; Because an accepted standard, which was acceptable before, had lost its validity, and after this, a standard acceptable to all was needed to consolidate and realize national sovereignty, and by being satisfied with the majority vote, this problem was also solved.
And these were four regular frameworks for regulating the people’s affairs that the European rulers adhered to after being freed from the grip of the church, and these discussions presented a new reading about the advancement of the people’s affairs, and today it is still seen as a model system, which in It is implemented in most countries of the world.
As it is known, the origin and historical roots of secularism go back to medieval Europe and the beginning of the new era; And this thought began to transform people’s thoughts and lifestyles in Europe when the church was tyrannical with all its power and “secularism” emerged as a reaction against the power of the clergy or the Catholic Church in Europe and from a primitive thought to a in the course of time, it became an all-encompassing thought; which progressed slowly over several centuries and saw the inhabitants of European lands in the beginning; And the other parts of the world underwent a fundamental transformation later, to the point where the majority of people abandoned what they believed in before, or believed in it as a supernatural power, or believed in a creator, or believed in a revolution.
They said that this was the distance that Europe was slowly freeing itself from the iron claws of logic and theological discussions.
This development led to the other basis or axis that was used to think about the issues, and it also changed from the logical method that was the prevailing method at that time.
After that, thinkers became more aware of objective realities; This means that a new way of thinking and drawing conclusions was created, which was the experimental method that was the result of thinkers such as Descartes, Kant and Francis Bacon.
And this realism and inference based on facts and experience was mostly contrary to what the church had inferred from the Bible and told the people over the course of many years, according to their own interpretation; But in principle, these presented ideas were mostly derived from the fantasy of the Pope or other clerics, and this was one of the factors that caused people to stay away from the church as a prominent power and decision-maker in people’s affairs, and more show a desire for new thoughts and come to the conclusion that reason has the last word in human life, and that reason that no longer deals with revelation and religious teachings and considers it as the main cause of the miseries of human life in Europe.
And this also caused other scholars and scientists to not pay any attention to the beyond nature and the discussion of its existence and to think of the world as a clock that its maker made and now moves independently, and there is no other need. It does not belong to its creator.
Man was also studied like nature, and in the human sciences, no attention was paid to the needy dimension of man other than himself, and the principle of human creation was not discussed at all; Rather, only the behavior and characteristics of individuals in communities were studied as the material under discussion, and some facts were judged based on the experiences obtained from that study.
And yet another issue that has a significant role in the emergence and evolution of the thought of secularism is the issue of the “reformism” movement, or the movement of religious reform, which came into existence at the beginning of the 16th century with the aim of reforming religion and in the name of establishing order and discipline in the church. Martin Luther, as a major thinker of this movement, presented new ideas about Christianity, the most important of which was about the government and the church, and that kings get their power directly from God, and the church’s duty is only to deal with the spiritual and spiritual affairs of the people.
In the course of time, this caused the collapse of the church’s sovereignty and the emergence of a new political philosophy that the church could no longer leave its own four walls and matters outside the scope of the church, or the economic and social affairs of the people belonged to the ruler, and this ruler has the right and duty.
To regulate the affairs of the people regardless of any need and desire for the church, in the same way during the time of new thoughts about governance, the human soul and regulating the affairs of the people, by thinkers; Like “Thomas Hobbes”, he believed that man is like a predatory animal that naturally does whatever he wants, and the driving force behind human actions is to gain benefit and protect himself, which leads to the violation of the rights of others; Therefore, in order to regulate affairs, it is necessary for the people to surrender and obey a ruler who has absolute power, and they do not have the right to take power again.
Also, John Locke’s ideas about man and government are important, because he thought contrary to Hobbes. He believed that human beings are naturally good-natured, peaceful and willing to help each other.
People have fundamental rights such as equality and political freedom, and people are the source of power; The rulers are the servants of the people, and he denied the divine rights of the monarchy. He was against the absolute power of the monarchy.
And in the same way, Montesquieu presented ideas about the division of powers to prevent absolute corruption in the administration of the government and to achieve absolute power, which changed the thoughts of these thinkers and other thinkers in the course of time, the culture ruling Europe or the West as a whole.
And he replaced it with a new view of life in which there was no place for the church and religious teachings in the social and life arena, and the political authority of religion was completely questioned.
Also, this change was completely evident in the field of art and literature, and the way of governing was transformed, and the way rulers came to power witnessed a fundamental change in itself, and most importantly, the focus of this culture is on the human soul and the material life of man.
And it has attracted the attention of thinkers, which has been given more attention, and the relationship between man and the supernatural has been ignored in most cases, or it has been confined within the limits of individual life, if the person wants it, and the way the new research to reach the facts was one of the characteristics of this culture, which is known as “secularism”, and with the popularization of this culture, Europe was able to reach its internal problems that had plagued the people of Europe for several centuries, such as religious problems, which It had led to religious wars and was depicted in its most brutal form in the Thirty Years’ War, and by the time this issue was resolved, Europe was able to at least sort out its bad situation and freed itself from the grip of the Holy Roman Empire and its single church. free himself and reach religious freedom.
At the international level, as a prominent power in the balance of power of the world, it did politics with the “Ottoman Caliphate” and finally it was placed in a state that was different from the state of the Middle Ages.
The part that we said “secularism” is a thought that evolved from a single thought to an all-encompassing and comprehensive thought and changed the lives of the people of Europe.
In the course of time, this thought left the borders of Europe and brought it to the other side of the globe. It was different from the European space, and the origin of Islam was ruling there, and it covered a large area of the globe and ruled in it, which is known as the “Islamic World”, and the ruling government here; Indeed, it was the “Ottoman Caliphate” that was the heir of the Islamic government in this region and solved the problems of the people under its banner in its own distinct and unique way, which was the application of Sharia rules and through the process of ijtihad or from the margins of ijtihad of scholars.
It was deduced and this origin (Islam) was applied in a practical form inside and was carried outside to the world; Although during the time the existing government in the Islamic world faced many problems that eventually led to its downfall and sometimes it shirked its responsibilities and oppressed the subjects and ignored the people’s Shariah rights and parallel to these events, another trend It started when the scholars started annotating the ijtihad of the earlier scholars and the rulings were no longer inferred from the texts (Ijtihad was no longer done) and for the new facts that were created, the exact Shariah ruling was not inferred from the detailed evidences and this is in the midst of the implementation of Islam by the government was taking place and the general and special people who had been educated in the new era of Europe had created a distance.
In short, the Islamic government in the world, as a representative of the Islamic ideology, had in some cases abandoned the application of Islam, and this itself was a major problem for the government and Muslims.
Because when a government does not adapt another ideology or principle and people’s problems are not solved, it arouses the society’s characteristics or thinkers to find a solution to solve the people’s problems, and because at that time the Islamic government and the Islamic nation were in a state of decline, they could not.
Think about the state of society; Although they tried to correct it and actions were taken by different people in this field; But because some who thought that they could solve the problems from the perspective of Islam, they did not know Islam and there was no general view of it among them, and some others who came and claimed that they have the cure for the pain of the Islamic Ummah also did not know the facts accurately. and they prescribed a version of European thoughts for our pain, which also solved the problems of the nation.
In the end, the Islamic state, which was the only and last support of every Muslim, fell, and the blood gushed from the body of the wounded nation, and became rags and rags. Like worm-eaten cloth, the flesh thought they were a nation.
A nation that once had the first word in the world; Now, as a slave, he had fallen into the hands of England and France, and the problems; It was still going uphill and there were still efforts to solve the problems that did not result; Because again, Muslims proposed a mixture of individual rules of Islam and other social rules and principles to solve problems, and the other class chanted the European model and way of life, which is the removal of religion from the practical sphere of life, which means that other Muslims they should abandon their religion like the Europeans and observe it only in their personal life, and that’s it, to advance their affairs; Like the original people.
They should believe in the idea of national sovereignty and implement the will of the people and free themselves from frequent revelation and the complete Sharia; Because they thought that they would be able to deal with problems once and reach progress like Europe, and again these efforts were unsuccessful; Because the common people believed in Islam as a religion and did not seek to abandon their values and confine their religion to the corner of the mosque like the Europeans and legislate by themselves;
Although today in some Islamic lands there are democratic governments and parliaments to legislate for the purpose of solving people’s problems; Like Pakistan, which has been legalized on the basis of popular will since its creation, or Egypt, which was a country for many years and western ideas were used as the basis for regulating people’s affairs; But the reality is that it has never been able to make policies as an independent government; Although it has a considerable military capacity and in the same way other governments; But it can still be seen that the problems; It stands like a mountain.
Finally, today, after many years of efforts in Islamic lands to adapt the Western origin, we can easily come to the conclusion that the ideas that were able to make people progress in Europe and solve their problems to some extent, cannot solve the problems of the Muslim Ummah.
Solve it and bearing in mind the long-standing enmity of the West with the Islamic Ummah, it becomes clear to us that the Westerners and the Westernized, what they propose to us as a cure for any pain; There is a poison that adds to our pain and every day we witness the killing of a Muslim under the bombardment of Western drones.
Muslims in their own land cannot dare to express what they believe in, and our blood is shed every hour, and we Muslims and Our beliefs are insulted, in every corner our beloved Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, is slandered, and in another corner we are burned, and in some places we are presented as worse than animals, and dozens and hundreds of other cases like this.
We have witnessed and this shows that our problems are getting more and more every day and Muslims should know that they can progress only when they free themselves from any kind of dependence and heartbreak other than what Islam has brought and to the original They should refer themselves and seek the solution of their problems in Islamic Sharia; Because God Almighty has sent Islam to guide man and solve his problems at any time and place, and there is no doubt that there is a solution for the problems of the Muslim Ummah today.
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